The drinks served at that bar are delicious.(The ideas that were presented in the conference are important to remember.) The ideas presented at the conference are important to remember.The past participle in the following example sentences is bolded, and the full relative clause is italicized: These participial phrases come from relative clauses with a passive meaning. The past participle is sometimes used in a phrase to supply additional information. The plates broke when they were dropped.ģ.The "be" auxiliary in the following example sentences is italicized and the past participle is bolded: Be sure to check our webpage on the appropriate use of passive voice in scholarly writing. The past participle is used after "be" auxiliaries in passive voice. I had finished my homework before going to the movie.Īlso see this link on verb tenses for more examples.Ģ.She had completed her degree before being hired.The "have" auxiliary in the following example sentences is italicized, and the past participle is bolded: The past participle is used with "have" auxiliaries (helping verbs) in active voice. Here are four common uses of past participles:ġ. However, there are many irregular verbs in English, and these past participle forms must be memorized. In a regular verb, the past participle is formed by adding "-ed". I rewrote my draft three times (in order) to revise it the best I could.He completed all his homework (in order) to earn a good grade.She is driving quickly (in order) to arrive on time.The infinitive in the following sample sentences is bolded: Infinitives are used to express purpose (in order to do something). I was wrong to assume you did not understand.Ĥ.She thought it was impossible to remember all the rules. ![]() It was difficult to complete the rough draft.The adjective in the following example sentences is italicized, and the infinitive is bolded: Some adjectives that are followed by infinitives are the following: Infinitives are used after certain adjectives. (With the verb "help," the infinitive can be used with or without "to." "Me" is the direct object here.)ģ. She required us to sign the consent form.("Participants" is the direct object here.) I encouraged the participants to ask questions.In the following example sentences, the verb is italicized, the direct object is bolded and italicized, and the infinitive is bolded: Some verbs that use this pattern are the following: The infinitive is also used after certain verb + direct object structures. He expected to obtain reliable results.Ģ.The verb in the following example sentences is italicized, and the infinitive is bolded: Some verbs that take an infinitive following them are the following: The infinitive is required after certain verbs in English. Here are four common uses of infinitives ("to" + base form of the verb):ġ. (The pens that are sitting on the desk belong to the teacher.) The pens sitting on the desk belong to the teacher.(The woman who is wearing a dress is sitting by the window.) The woman wearing a dress is sitting by the window. ![]() The "-ing " in the following example sentences is bolded, and the full relative clause is italicized: The "-ing" form is sometimes used to include additional information in a sentence in a reduced relative clause. The "-ing" in the following example sentences is bolded:Ħ. Adjectives are sometimes formed using "-ing".
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